Towards a Stronger Unified Core for AI: Reasoning and Learning Benjamin Grosof, PhD Kyndi, Inc. http://benjamingrosof.com IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown, NY, USA March 6, 2019 (hosted by Alex Gray, head of IBM Research AI Science) AI does not live by machine learning (ML) alone. Adding knowledge representation & reasoning (KRR) is critical, including for natural language understanding and conversation (NLUC). We discuss some recent approaches and promising directions for deeply combining KRR with ML. These include extended forms of knowledge graphs and logic programming. We discuss how to combine high KRR expressiveness with strong scalability of reasoning. We also discuss how to deeply and strongly combine ML with KRR, including roles for probabilistic uncertainty, neural nets, NL-based knowledge acquisition, and explainability.